Tadinca le Editor Thiamnak tiah atlaangpi nan ka tarpiakmi hi Mirangholh in journalism, Kawlholh in tadinsa pingia an timi khi nan chim duhmi asi ko rua ka ti. Athiamnak lei hi journalism kan ti i aṭuantu khi journalists (tadinsa saya) kan ti hna. Journalists kan timi hna cu reporters (tadinthoh), editors, announcers, broadcasters, correspondents vialte hi an si. Tadinca thiamnak ka chim hlanah tadinca umtuning le abiapit ning ka vun chimta lai. Suimilam pakhat chungah zei vial chim ding ti zong ka thei lo i acaan cu kan zoh chun te lai. Cun afian deuhnak caah Kawlholh le Mirangholh kan telh pah lai.
Mass Media
Tadinca le Radio le TV le atu ahcun Internet vialte hi Mass Media ti asi. Media ti hi medium timi in arami asi i means of communication tinak asi. Kawlholh cun settuaizi ti asi. Mass ti cu zapi (ludu) tinak asi. Cucaah, mass media cu ludu settuaizi tinak asi. Zeicatiah, zapi nih rak hmuh ciomi asi. Mass Media timi ahhin phunhnih in ṭhen khawh asi. Pakhat cu print media asi i cu ahcun newspapers, magazines le journals tehna an itel. Ahnuah hi print media kong hi kan chim te lai. Cun adang pakhat cu electronic media ti asi i cu chung ahcun Radio, TV le Internet an itel.
An Tuahmi
Mass media nih an tuah cemmi le an itinh cemmi cu zapi thawngthanh ding le thanuamter ding le umhar phenh ding (to inform and intertain) ti asi. Cawnpiak ding (to educate) ti zong an chim chih ṭheu. Acheu nih educate timi cu inform nih a huap ko anti. To inform and reform (chimh le sersiam) ti hi ahnu ahcun an chim deuh hoi cang. Theih hngalhnak an ngeih ahcun sersiamnak achuahpi lai an ti caah asi.
The Fourth Estate
Tadinca asilole mass media pawl hi democracy ram ahcun abiapit tuk caah the fourth estate anti. A palinak Ke, apalinak Ṭengnge kan ti lai maw zeidek. Kawlholh cun estate cu madaing anti. Asullam cu cozah pakhat ahhin three branches of government aum ti asi i cu hna khawh cun tadinca aum rih tinak asi. Cu pathum hna cu Upadi sernak (legislative), Uknak (administrative) le Biacaihnak (judicial) an si.
Parliament nih upadi an ser. Prime Minister le avuanci pawl (cabinet) nih uknak an tlaih, rian an ṭuan. Biacaih bawi pawl nih adang pahnih an rianṭuan ning aṭhat le ṭhat lo, an din le din lo azoh hna, bia acaih hna. Mass media nih an dihlak pathum in azoh hna angiat hna. Inn hngak uico (watch dog) aṭuan. Asawi hna. Ruahnak apek hna. Tadinca sawi lai le hmailei thimnak ah hmuh ti lai lo phan ah ziaza remhnak ah an hman. Napoleon nih “Naam thongkhat nakin aka raltu tadinca pakhat ka ṭih deuh” arak ti.
Freedom of the press
Tadinca luatnak timi hi fundamental human rights ah atelmi asi i democracy asimi ramah aum cem. Party pakhat Aanaasin (dictator) uknak ahcun aum kho lomi asi. Democracy ram ahcun duh paoh in tadinca chuah khawh asi. Tadinca pawl hi private ta an si i Independent ti asi i duh paoh in ṭial khawh asi. Acozah policy le an rianṭuannak na hna atlak lo ahcun sawi khawh asi.
Aluat lomi ram ahcun tadinca le radio le TV vialte cu cozah ta (State-owned) asi tawn i, cu cozah nih an rianṭuannak kha zapi nih a ṭha tiah kan ti hna seh tinak ah an chuahmi asi. Thei hna seh ti an kan duhmi kha an chuah i thei hna hlahseh ti an duhmi kha an chuah lo. Anmah propaganda (vuada phianhnak) ah an hman. Asinain, acunglei i independent kan timi tadinca zongah khan aneitu (publisher) nawl cu ngaih ahau ve ṭhiamṭhiam.
Cun duhpaoh in ṭial khawh asi aipat tiin thlachiat ruat loin (tavuan meh sua) ṭial ding asi lo. Free and responsible asi ahau. Freedom (luatnak) cu responsibilities (tavuan neihnak) nih azulh ahau zungzal.
Aluatmi Tadinca le Hruaitu
Democracy ramah duh paoh in, luat tein, zalen tein caṭial khawh le thawngthanh khawh asi tikah ram hruaitu pawl soiselnak aa tel lengmang. BBC zong khi zalen tein thawng athanh caah Conservative Party an thin akhoih chel, Labour Party pawl an ing apuanter chel asi an rak ti. American President Richard Nixon le a Vice-president Spiro Agnew le tadinca pawl cu an rak i ṭhua tawn. Kan hnulei ah Iran ram an Bawi Bik Cem Ayatolla Khomenei nih tadinca pawl kha ‘ral’ an si ati hna i tadinca 30 aphihter hna. Malaysian PM Mahathir Mohamad le nitlak lei mass media pawl hi an iṭhua lengmang ve.
Acunglei ah mass media hi an biapit tuk caah the fourth estate ti tiangin an ti hna kan ti cang. Caṭial thiam pa nih aduh tawk in ca avun ṭial ahcun zapi ruahnak athlen khawh, amersan khawh. MP si aduhmi pakhat pa cu MP thim awkah ai tlak bak lo avun ti ahcun ahohmanh nih thim lomi, zapi nih me (vote) peek lomi an si i mah tluk i nawl an ngeih le thil anti khawhmi hi an rem hna lo.
Tadinthoh (reporters) pawl nih ram hruaitu pawl hi ton le biahal (interview) tuah an duh tawn hna. Bawi pawl nih an duhmi chimnak caan ṭha ah hman an duh lo ahcun interview tuah hi an duh lem lo. Asinain ka duh lo ti zong kha thangchiatnak asi kho ve i ka duh lo ti cu an ngamh set fawn lo. Tadinthoh pawl ra hna seh ti an duh tuk chel an ra lai ti an phan chel asi.
Press Gallery
Tadinca le radio le TV hi acozah zong nih an biapit ning atheih tikah parliament building le stadium te hna ah umnak (ṭhutnak) ṭha tein atuahpiak tawn hna. Cuka hmun in parliament i bia an chimmi ṭha tein an ngaih khawh. Cutikah biahman an theih i biahman an thanh khawh. Lentecelh lio ṭha tein an hmuh khawh i hman an thlak khawh. Tadinca abiapitnak hi journalist Frank F Carpenter nih hitin arak ti. “Washington ah Congress pahnih aum. Pakhat cu House le Senate an si i tangah an ṭhu. Adang pakhat cu the Congress of the Press (Tadinsa Hluttaw) asi i achungah gallery ah an ṭhu. Tadin an ṭialmi cu aho cachimpa le phungchimpa le nainganzi tazahawpa chimmi nakin mitam deuh nih an rel” arak ti.
Press Conference
Acozah nih an rianṭuannak zapi nih thei hna seh ti an duh tikah press conference an tuah i tadinca, radio le TV kha an auh hna. Cozah le bu pakhat nih thawng an ngeihmi thanhnak ah an hman. Mass media pawl ca zong ah tadin kawl hau loin thawng an theih. Reporters pawl nih theih an duh chapmi asi ah an theih fian lomi asi ah bia hal khawh asi media pawl caah thilṭha ngai asi.
Press Release
Cozah an si zongah, bu an si zongah an thawngpang thanh awk aum tikah tadin an ṭial an ṭial i an phawt tawn. Amah nih ṭialcia tein an tuah ahcun theih sual le aning lo deuh in chuah sual kha aum ve ti lo. Hlan lio ahcun tape recorder hna aum hlan ahcun hruaitu pawl i an chimmi kha reporters pawl nih shorthand (letziṭu) in an ṭial tawn i an palh caan le an hrelh caan atam tuk. Mah bantuk si ti hlahseh tinak ah press release hna acunglei dang hna hi an tuah.
Reporters, Editors, Correspondents
Reporters pawl hi mino deuh, rian aa thokkami nih an ṭuan tawn. An rian cu thawngpang kawl cu asi ko. Editor nih afialnak ah va kal, tadin va kawl, va laak, acunglei kan chimmi press conference tehna i va kal, hmaan zong va thlak, aw zong va khumh tehna hi an rian asi. Mirangholh in ‘cover’ va tuah kan ti. Cun tadin ṭial i rak put, asilole telephone hna in zung kha thawng an theihmi vun chimh hi an ṭuan cemmi cu asi. Experiene an ngeih deuh tikah editor hna an ṭuan ve. Editor rian cu atawinak in chim ahcun arak phan tungmi tadin le hmanthlak kha abiapi le abiate thleidan, thim, hlawt, tawiter deuh, a caṭial remh deuh tehna hi asi.
Ramdang tadinthoh (foreign correspondents) pawl hi an cungah editor an um ti lo caah experience angei deuhmi an hman tawn hna. Ram pakhat tadin an laak i ramdang i aummi an tadinsataih ah telex, facsimile, e-mail, telephone ti bantuk in an kuat.
Freelance
Freelance journalist timi cu azei tadinca thengah an ṭuan lo i an theihmi paoh an ṭial i tadinca pawl an hmuhsak hna i an zuar. Min ngei pah cangmi an si ahcun tadinca le mekazin tamnak ram ahcun tangka an hmu ngai ve. Caṭial na huam le na thiam ahcun zei rian ṭuanbu zongin ṭial pah i tangka hmuhnak ah hman khawh asi. Atu Muko mekazin tehna cu man loin kan ṭial cio. Aphung ahcun honorarium an kan peek awk asi. Complimentary copy hmanh hi pek phung hrimhrim asi ka ti peng hna i an kan pek.
International Wire Services
International wire service ti bia nan theih tawn men lai. Hi hna hi news agencies an si i, tadin azuartu an si. Vuleicung kip ah correspondent an ngei i cu hna nihcun an umnak cio tadin kha an head office ah an vun kuat cio. Cucu an zungchoh nih an fonhtonh i edit an tuah hnu ah alaatu vuleicung ramkip tadinca le radio le TV le company le acozah zungzah telex in akuat. American ta Associated Press (AP) le United Press International (UPI), French ta AFP, England ta Reutes le Tuluk ta Xinhua tehna khi international wire services angan cem pawl an si.
The Code of Press Ethics
Tadinca ṭuan tikah zulh awk aherhmi tete an um. Ahmanmi lawng ṭial ding. Mi thangchiat lo ding. Mi ṭanhnak ṭial lo ding. Ziknawh laak lo ding. Miphun pakhat le pakhat ihuatnak dingin ca ṭial lo ding. Biaknak pakhat le pakhat iralnak dingin ca ṭial lo ding. Bia an chimtu, caṭialtu amin chim lo ding, min chim aduh lo ahcun. Tazacuai mi bia an khiah hlanah anih cu asual ko lai. Amah deuh khi apalh ko lai tiin ca ṭial lo ding. A thurhnawmmi bia hman lo ding. Cun ahmaan lo ningin mithang chiatnak ṭial ahcun taza cuai khawh na si. Libel suit ti asi.
Journalism Cawn Ahau Lo
Journalism hi sianginn kai i certificate, diploma, degree hmuh tiang in cawn ahaumi asi lo. Asinain ramdang ahcun tanghra sianginn le sianghleirun tampi nih an cawnpiak hna i Ph D degree tiang zong an peek hna. Asinain, acawnnak asangmi paoh journalist minthang an si lem lo. Caholh ṭha tein thiam tucu aherh hrimhrim. Laiholh tadinca le magazine i na ṭial khawhnak ding ah Laica ṭha tein na thiam ahau. Kawl tadinca le journal ah journalist si na duh ahcun Kawlca biatak tein na thiam aherh. Mirangholh tadinca ah rianṭuan na duh ahcun Mirangholh zaalak in na thiam lo ahcun na ngah lai lo.
General Knowledge Aherh
General knowledge timi theihhngalhnak aphunphun cu ngeih aherh hrimhrim. Cupinah thil pakhat kong tal adihlak in theih i thildang vialte kong hi tlawmpal cio tal theih aherh ti asi. Mirangholh cun “A journalist must know something of everything and everything of something” ti asi. Tahchunhnak ah politics ṭha tein na theih pin ah economics, sports, music, movies ti bantuk tlawmpal cio tal theih ahau. Thil pakhat, subject pakhat ṭha tein na theihmi cu sianghleirun i na canwmi maw, cauk tampi na relmi maw asi kho. Thil dangdang tlawmpal cio na theihmi cu tadinca, magazine le journal tehna i na relmi asi men lai. Cucaah, ca tampi rel ahau. “A journalist is not born, but made” anti. Asullam cu tadinsa saya cu hrin an si lo, zuamnak in an chuak tinak asi.
Tadin Kan Timi Cu
Thawngpang kan timi hi asawsawh si loin ai phundang deuhmi (unusual occurances) kong hi asi tawn. Ui nih minung aseh ti ahcun thawngpang ti awk atlak hnga lo. Asinain minung nih ui aseh ahcun tadinn asi. Thawngchia deuh hi asi duh fawn. Thawngpang aṭha komi, thil aningcang te i aum komi cu thawng thanh len a hau lo cumu. Nainganzi, sipuazi, tilianhnak, meitlang puahnak, mithahnak, mithihnak, lentecelhnak lei vialte hi thawngpang an si ko.
News Value
Tadinca chuah awkah atlak maw tlak lo ti zohnak ah thil asi caan, acannak hmun, ahodah ai tel, abiapi maw, mi theih ṭha asi maw tiin zoh asi. Hlan tuk i acangmi kong hna cu mi nih theih an huam ti lai lo. Lam hlapi America thlanglei ram i hruaitu ai thlennak nakin lamnai Indiaram in vuancichok thar an thimnak kha tadinca ah chuah awktlak deuh asi lai. Mi nih theih an duh deuh lai. Nungak tlangval sawhsawh ṭhitumnak thawng cu tadinca ah chuak tlak asi lem lai lo nain Nanda Hlaing va angei cang ti asi ahcun tadinca chuah phu asi ko lai. Cu tadin ai telnak tadinca zong cu aman khun ko lai. Copy tampi in chuah ahau lai. Lady Diana a thihnak tadin hna kha aman tuk ti asi. Nan innpa pa inn akanghmi cu nangmah pakhat ca ahcun abiapi lai nain zapi nih cun sianginn akaang timi thawng kha an interest deuh lai.
Tadin Ṭialning
Tadin pakhat ṭial tik le chim tik paoh ah Mirangholh cun “W” panga ai tel ahau ti asi. Cu W panga hna cu: – 1. What (zei) 2.Where (ahmun) 3.When (acaan) 4.Who (aho) 5.Why (zeicaah). Acheu nihcun How (zeitin) ti zong ai tel anti. Tadin na ṭial tikah abiapitnak bik ahmasa ah na ṭial lai i hmasa bik paragraph (lead paragraph) ah hi “W” hna hi na telh khawh zat paoh na telh lai. Lead paragraph ahhin tadin kha atawinak in ṭial asi i cuka ah ai tel rih lomi “W” pawl kha ahnu paragraph ah na telh lai. Ahnu deuh ah atuanbia zong ṭial chih ding. Inverted pyramid (piramit aningtelet) bantuk in ṭial ding. Fiction ṭial he ai khat lo. Novel (fiction) cu pyramid pungsan in abiapitnak a hnu bik ah ṭial asi.
Na ruahnak telh lo tein asi ningte lawng ṭial ding. Theih fawi deuh, holh fang fawi tete na hman lai. Tadinca hi umpah kalpah in duakdaak in relmi asi tikah zapi caah theih fawite in ṭial ahau. Holh har na hman ahcun dictionary zohnak caan zong, mi halnak caan zong an nei lai lo i theih hna seh ti na duhmi thawng kha an thei ti lai lo.